The Characteristics of Earthquakes Generate Tsunamis in Indonesia Based on Source Parameters Analysis

Sugeng Pribadi1,2, Afnimar3, Nanang T. Puspito3 & Gunawan Ibrahim3

1Tsunami Warning Information Division, Indonesian Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), Jl. Angkasa I No.2, Jakarta13920

2Graduate Student of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132
3Global Geophysics Research Group, Faculty of Mining and Petroleum Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Jl. Ganesha 10, Bandung 40132
Email: sugengpribadimsc@gmail.com


Abstract. We have characterized 27 earthquakes generate tsunamis in Indonesia from 1991 to 2012 based on source parameter analysis. It includes focal mechanism derived from W phase, the ratio (Θ) between seismic energy (E) and seismic moment (Mo), moment magnitude (Mw), rupture duration (To) and hypocenter distance to the trench. Most of the earthquakes (24 events) are tsunamigenic earthquake with various fault types, shallow focal depth (12 km ≤ D 77.8 km), small to large magnitude (6.6 ≤ Mw ≤ 9.0), low ratio of seismic energy and seismic moment (-5.8 < Q < -4.9), short to long rupture duration (27 s ≤ To ≤ 257 s), small to large tsunami height (0.1 m ≤ H ≤ 50.9 m) and short to long hypocenter distance to the trench (10 km < HT ≤ 230 km). Three tsunami earthquakes have characters of thrust fault mechanism, very shallow depth (D ≤ 20 km), moderate magnitude (7.5 ≤ Mw ≤ 7.8), very low ratio of seismic energy and seismic moment (Q ≤ -5.8), long rupture duration (99 s ≤ To ≤ 135 s), large tsunami height (7.4 m ≤ H ≤ 14 m) and short hypocenter distance to the trench (HT ≤ 20 km).
Keywords: characteristic, tsunamigenic earthquake, tsunami earthquake, W phase, energy, moment, rupture.

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